5.4 Policy analysis models

5.4 POLICY ANALYSIS MODELS

Policy analysis models are frameworks or structured approaches that guide the process of analyzing and evaluating public policies. These models provide a systematic way to assess policy options, understand their implications, and inform decision-making.

Commonly used policy analysis models:

1. The rational model: It assumes that policy analysis is a logical and rational process. It involves identifying the problem, generating alternative policy options, assessing their costs and benefits, and selecting the most efficient and effective option.
2. The incremental model: The incremental model recognizes that policy change often occurs incrementally over time rather than through radical shifts.
3. The advocacy coalition framework: The advocacy coalition framework views policy analysis through the lens of competing advocacy coalitions. It recognizes that policy decisions are shaped by different groups with varying beliefs, values, and interests.
4. The policy cycle model: The policy cycle model represents the stages involved in the policy process. It includes problem identification, agenda setting, policy formulation, decision-making, policy implementation, and evaluation.

5. The multiple streams framework: The multiple streams framework suggests that policy change occurs when three streams—problem stream, policy stream, and political stream—converge. It emphasizes the importance of understanding the timing, alignment, and coupling of these streams.

This model emphasizes the role of policy entrepreneurs, windows of opportunity, and the alignment of problems, policies, and politics.

6. The PESTEL Framework: The PESTEL framework is an analytical tool used to examine the external factors that can influence policy analysis. It considers political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal factors that shape policy decisions.
7. The SWOT analysis: SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) is a widely used tool for assessing the internal and external factors influencing policy analysis. It helps identify the strengths and weaknesses of a policy, as well as the opportunities and threats it faces.